Artikel Bahasa Inggris Tentang LINGKUNGAN HIDUP Lengkap Dengan Terjemahan dan Daftar Kosakata Baru

LabBahasaInggris.co.id – Lingkungan adalah kombinasi antara kondisi fisik yang mencakup keadaan sumber daya alam seperti tanah, air, energi surya, mineral, serta flora dan fauna yang tumbuh di atas tanah maupun di dalam lautan, dengan kelembagaan yang meliputi ciptaan manusia seperti keputusan bagaimana menggunakan lingkungan fisik tersebut. Lingkungan juga dapat diartikan menjadi segala sesuatu yang ada di sekitar manusia dan mempengaruhi perkembangan kehidupan manusia.

Lingkungan terdiri dari komponen abiotik dan biotik. Komponen abiotik adalah segala yang tidak bernyawa seperti tanah, udara, air, iklim, kelembaban, cahaya, bunyi. Sedangkan komponen biotik adalah segala sesuatu yang bernyawa seperti tumbuhan, hewan, manusia dan mikro-organisme (virus dan bakteri).

Artikel hari ini saya akan memberikan beberapa informasi tentang Tradisi dan Budaya dalam bentuk teks bahasa Inggris pendek.

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Table of Contents

Artikel Bahasa Inggris Tentang LINGKUNGAN HIDUP Lengkap Dengan Terjemahan dan Daftar Kosakata Baru

Artikel Bahasa Inggris Tentang Lingkungan Hidup

Global Warming

Scientists made an alarming discovery in the 1980s. They found out that the average temperature of the Earth’s surface was slowly rising. This trend is called global warming. Today we know that global warming is increasing because more and more gases get into the atmosphere.

Greenhouse effect

A greenhouse is a glasshouse in which plants grow. The glass lets light in and at the same time keeps heat from getting out. This heat keeps the plants warm, even when it is cold outside. The same happens to the Earth’s atmosphere. It lets sunlight in and keeps carbon dioxide and other gases from getting out. We need these gases but too much of them trap more heat.

Causes of Global Warming

For a long time, people on our Earth didn’t think a lot about greenhouse gases. The situation changed when people started using more and more energy in the form of fossil fuels, like oil, gas, and coal. We burn fossil fuels to power factories, run cars, produce electricity and heat houses. As fossil fuels burn they let carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

During the last few decades, people have also cut down many forests. Trees use carbon dioxide when they make their own food. Fewer trees mean that less carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere.

Possible effects of global warming

Scientists have different opinions on how warm the Earth’s surface will really get. The increase may be between 1.5°C and 6°C by the year 2100. Warmer weather will make ice caps and glaciers melt. Sea levels could rise dramatically. Plants, animals, and people living in coastal areas all could be in danger. The weather may change in many areas of the world. Floods, droughts and damaging storms could be the result.

People in colder regions might welcome warmer weather but those who live in regions that are already hot may suffer from new diseases. At the same time, some animals may not survive because they cannot adapt to the new environment. They could move to other places in order to live there.

Reducing global warming

Finding a solution to solve the world’s biggest environmental problem is not an easy task. Although we need the energy to make our economy grow there are things that could be done to fight off this problem. Carpools or travelling by public transport could take many cars off the roads. You could turn off lights, TV sets, computers, and other electrical items if you don’t need them. Companies have been spending a lot of money to produce items that use little energy.

We also need to use more alternative energy, like sunlight, wind power or wave power. Car companies have started to produce a new type of cars known as hybrids. It works like an electric car but also has a small petrol engine.

The Kyoto Protocol

In 1997 over 150 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol at the United Nations Climate Conference. Industrialized countries should reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases. The United States which produces about 25 % of all greenhouse gases has often made public that it will not support the agreement.

Vocabularies

adapt = to get used to a new situation
agreement =when two or more people, groups, companies or countries promise to do something
although =while
average =normal, usual
carbon dioxide = the gas that is produced when animals breathe out or when carbon is burned in the air
carpool = a group of people who travel to work together in one car
cause = reason
decade = ten years
discovery = if you find out something that nobody knew about before
disease = illness
drought = a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live
economy =he financial system of a country; the system that a country has of producing and selling goods
electricity =the power that is in wires and cables. It is used to give us light, heat and make machines run.
emission = gas that is sent into the air
environment = the world around us
flood = when it rains a lot and water covers land that is normally dry
fossil fuel = a form of energy like coal and oil that was produced millions of years ago from dead plants and animals
glacier = a large mass of ice that moves slowly down a mountain valley
heat =warmth; when something is hot
hybrid = here: a car that runs with two forms of energy
ice cap = thick ice that always covers the North and South Poles
increase = to go up
item =thing, object
melt = to become liquid
petrol =the liquid that you get out of petroleum; it is used to make cars run
power = to give energy to a machine
public =here: to let everyone know
public transport = buses, trains, trams that everyone can use
reduce = to lower, if something goes down
scientist =a person who is trained in science
sea-level =the average height of the sea; from here mountains, cities, and other natural places are measured
sign = to put your name on a document
solution =answer
suffer =to be ill with
support = to agree to something or help
surface =the top layer of something
survive = to continue to live and not to die
task = job; something to do
trap = to keep in and not let out
wave = a line of water that moves across the surface of the sea

Terjemahan

Pemanasan Global

Para ilmuwan membuat penemuan yang mengkhawatirkan pada 1980-an. Mereka menemukan bahwa suhu rata-rata permukaan bumi perlahan naik. Tren ini disebut pemanasan global. Hari ini kita tahu bahwa pemanasan global meningkat karena semakin banyak gas masuk ke atmosfer.

Efek rumah kaca

Rumah kaca adalah rumah kaca tempat tanaman tumbuh. Kaca memungkinkan cahaya masuk dan pada saat yang sama mencegah panas keluar. Panas ini membuat tanaman tetap hangat, bahkan ketika dingin di luar. Hal yang sama terjadi pada atmosfer Bumi. Ini memungkinkan sinar matahari masuk dan mencegah karbon dioksida dan gas-gas lain tidak keluar. Kita membutuhkan gas-gas ini tetapi terlalu banyak dari mereka yang memerangkap lebih banyak panas.

Penyebab Pemanasan Global

Untuk waktu yang lama, orang-orang di Bumi kita tidak banyak berpikir tentang gas rumah kaca. Situasi berubah ketika orang mulai menggunakan lebih banyak energi dalam bentuk bahan bakar fosil, seperti minyak, gas, dan batubara. Kami membakar bahan bakar fosil untuk menggerakkan pabrik, menjalankan mobil, menghasilkan listrik dan memanaskan rumah. Ketika bahan bakar fosil terbakar, mereka membiarkan karbon dioksida masuk ke atmosfer.

Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, orang juga telah menebangi banyak hutan. Pohon menggunakan karbon dioksida saat mereka membuat makanan sendiri. Lebih sedikit pohon berarti lebih sedikit karbon dioksida yang dikeluarkan dari atmosfer.

Kemungkinan efek dari pemanasan global

Para ilmuwan memiliki pendapat berbeda tentang seberapa hangat permukaan bumi akan benar-benar didapat. Peningkatannya mungkin antara 1,5 ° C dan 6 ° C pada tahun 2100. Cuaca yang lebih hangat akan membuat lapisan es dan gletser mencair. Permukaan laut bisa naik secara dramatis. Tumbuhan, hewan, dan orang-orang yang tinggal di daerah pantai semuanya bisa dalam bahaya. Cuaca bisa berubah di banyak wilayah di dunia. Banjir, kekeringan, dan badai yang merusak bisa menjadi akibatnya.

Orang-orang di daerah yang lebih dingin mungkin menyambut cuaca yang lebih hangat tetapi mereka yang tinggal di daerah yang sudah panas mungkin menderita penyakit baru. Pada saat yang sama, beberapa hewan mungkin tidak bertahan hidup karena mereka tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan baru. Mereka bisa pindah ke tempat lain untuk tinggal di sana.

Mengurangi pemanasan global

Menemukan solusi untuk memecahkan masalah lingkungan terbesar di dunia bukanlah tugas yang mudah. Meskipun kita membutuhkan energi untuk membuat ekonomi kita tumbuh, ada beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk melawan masalah ini. Tempat parkir mobil atau bepergian dengan transportasi umum dapat mengambil banyak mobil dari jalan. Anda dapat mematikan lampu, perangkat TV, komputer, dan barang-barang listrik lainnya jika Anda tidak membutuhkannya. Perusahaan telah menghabiskan banyak uang untuk menghasilkan barang yang menggunakan sedikit energi.

Kita juga perlu menggunakan lebih banyak energi alternatif, seperti sinar matahari, tenaga angin atau tenaga gelombang. Perusahaan mobil sudah mulai memproduksi jenis mobil baru yang dikenal sebagai hibrida. Ia bekerja seperti mobil listrik tetapi juga memiliki mesin bensin kecil.

Protokol Kyoto

Pada tahun 1997, lebih dari 150 negara menandatangani Protokol Kyoto pada Konferensi Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Negara-negara industri harus mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca mereka. Amerika Serikat yang memproduksi sekitar 25% dari semua gas rumah kaca sering mengumumkan kepada publik bahwa ia tidak akan mendukung perjanjian.

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Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a compound in which two oxygen atoms are connected to a carbon atom. At normal temperatures, it is a colorless gas that exists naturally in the Earth’s atmosphere. The air that we breathe has about 0.03% of carbon dioxide in it. Carbon dioxide is an important part of the carbon cycle and essential for life on Earth. Without it, temperatures on our planet would be very low.

Plants use the sunlight and take up the CO2 in the atmosphere to produce energy and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis.
The gas is also produced when fossil fuels are burned. The carbon dioxide that has been stored for millions of years in coal, oil and natural gas is set free. Living creatures produce carbon dioxide when they breathe out. It is emitted from volcanoes and hot springs. Deforestation sets carbon that is stored in trees free.

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas. The light that enters the atmosphere it is converted to heat. Higher amounts of CO2 make the atmosphere denser and keep it from getting out. CO2 is a gas that is highly responsible for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, the amount of CO2 in our atmosphere has risen by 40%.
Throughout the centuries carbon dioxide has been in balance. Now more carbon dioxide is being produced than can be absorbed by nature.

Uses of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide is used in various industries to produce food, chemicals and oil products. It is especially common as a food additive and is added to beverages to give fizz to sparkling wine and water. It is also responsible for a beer’s foam.
As a pressurized gas carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers because it does not burn. Put in cartridges it can be used to inflate bike tires. In its solid form, CO2 is called dry ice. It is used for cooling fresh food or ice cream. Liquid carbon dioxide is needed to remove caffeine from coffee

Carbon dioxide in oceans

Oceans are carbon sinks. They absorb more than 25% of all the carbon dioxide that people emit into the atmosphere. As a result, the ocean’s water is becoming more acidic. This change affects the food chain and all sea organisms.

Carbon dioxide poisoning

Although carbon dioxide is not poisonous in normal amounts it can kill you if there is more than 10% in the air. High concentrations can lead to dizziness, bad sight, breathing problems as well as high blood pressure and an increased heartbeat. High levels of CO2 occur when there is not enough fresh air in a room.

Vocabularies

absorb = take in
acidic = with a lot of acid in it
although = while
amount = level
beat = strike
beverage = drink
breathe = take air into our lungs
carbon = a chemical that exists in pure form as diamonds; it is also in coal and graphite
cartridge = a small container that you put inside a machine to make it work
century = a period of a hundred years
common = widespread
a compound = substance that has atoms from two or more elements
connect = link, bind together
convert = change
creature = living things
cycle = events that happen over and over again, in the same order
deforestation = cutting or burning down trees
dense = thick
dizziness = feeling unable to stand steadily
emit = send out
essential = needed to survive
fire extinguisher = metal container with water or chemicals in it; used to stop small fires
fizz = bubbles that appear in drinks
foam = mass of white bubbles on the top of a liquid
food additive = substance that is put into food to make it better or last longer
food chain = all the animals and plants that live together; a smaller plant or animal is eaten up by a larger one etc..
fossil fuel = energy in the form of coal, oil, wood, and natural gas; it was produced by dead animals and plants millions of years ago
greenhouse gas = gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and is the cause of global warming
highly responsible = the biggest cause of
hot spring = place where hot water comes up naturally to the surface
in balance = exactly the right amount; not too much and not too little
increase = to go up
inflate = pump air into
liquid = fluid, watery
occur = happen
poisonous = deadly
pressurized = to put under pressure
process = action
remove = take away
sink = here: a container that is used for storing things
solid = hard, not a gas or a liquid
store = keep for later use
take up = absorb, take in
throughout = in all of
various = different kinds of

Terjemahan

Karbon Dioksida

Karbon dioksida adalah senyawa di mana dua atom oksigen terhubung ke atom karbon. Pada suhu normal itu adalah gas tidak berwarna yang ada secara alami di atmosfer Bumi. Udara yang kita hirup memiliki sekitar 0,03% karbon dioksida di dalamnya.
Karbon dioksida adalah bagian penting dari siklus karbon dan penting untuk kehidupan di Bumi. Tanpanya, suhu di planet kita akan sangat rendah.

Tumbuhan menggunakan sinar matahari dan mengambil CO2 di atmosfer untuk menghasilkan energi dan oksigen. Proses ini disebut fotosintesis. Gas tersebut juga diproduksi ketika bahan bakar fosil dibakar. Karbon dioksida yang telah disimpan selama jutaan tahun di batu bara, minyak dan gas alam dibebaskan. Makhluk hidup menghasilkan karbon dioksida ketika mereka bernapas. Itu dipancarkan dari gunung berapi dan mata air panas. Deforestasi membuat karbon yang disimpan di pohon bebas.

Karbon dioksida adalah gas rumah kaca yang penting. Cahaya yang memasuki atmosfer dikonversi menjadi panas. Jumlah CO2 yang lebih tinggi membuat atmosfer lebih padat dan mencegahnya keluar. CO2 adalah gas yang sangat bertanggung jawab atas pemanasan global. Sejak Revolusi Industri tahun 1800-an, jumlah CO2 di atmosfer kita telah meningkat sebesar 40%.
Selama berabad-abad, karbon dioksida telah seimbang. Sekarang lebih banyak karbon dioksida yang diproduksi daripada yang dapat diserap oleh alam.

Penggunaan Karbon Dioksida

Karbon dioksida digunakan di berbagai industri untuk menghasilkan makanan, bahan kimia, dan produk minyak. Ini terutama umum sebagai zat tambahan makanan dan ditambahkan ke minuman untuk membuat anggur bersoda dan air bersoda. Ini juga bertanggung jawab atas busa bir.
Sebagai gas karbon dioksida bertekanan digunakan dalam alat pemadam kebakaran karena tidak terbakar. Masukkan ke dalam kartrid itu dapat digunakan untuk mengembang ban sepeda. Dalam bentuk padatnya, CO2 disebut es kering. Ini digunakan untuk mendinginkan makanan segar atau es krim. Karbon dioksida cair diperlukan untuk menghilangkan kafein dari kopi

Karbon dioksida di lautan

Lautan adalah penyerap karbon. Mereka menyerap lebih dari 25% dari semua karbon dioksida yang dikeluarkan orang ke atmosfer. Akibatnya, air laut menjadi lebih asam. Perubahan ini mempengaruhi rantai makanan dan semua organisme laut.

Keracunan karbon dioksida

Meskipun karbon dioksida tidak beracun dalam jumlah normal, ia dapat membunuh Anda jika ada lebih dari 10% di udara. Konsentrasi tinggi dapat menyebabkan pusing, penglihatan buruk, masalah pernapasan serta tekanan darah tinggi dan detak jantung meningkat. Kadar CO2 yang tinggi terjadi ketika tidak ada cukup udara segar di suatu ruangan.

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Air Pollution

Air pollution is caused by many things:

The increasing number of cars on our roads
Growing cities
The fast development of our economy
Industrialization

Air pollution, as we know it today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has become a major problem for our environment. Clean air is normally made up of nitrogen (76 %), oxygen (22%), carbon dioxide and a few other gases.

When harmful elements get into the air they may cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings, and soil. They make the ozone layer thinner and thinner and lead to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and climate changes.

Our modern lifestyle has led to dirtier air over the years. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, the growing number of people are some things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all pollution in the air is caused by people. Forest fires, dust storms, and volcano eruptions can lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.

Major pollutants and where they come from?

Carbon monoxide is a colourless gas that is set free when wood, petrol or coal are not completely burned. It is also in products like cigarettes. Because of it, less oxygen enters our blood and it makes us confused and sleepy. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that gets into the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil or wood.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases that come from air-conditioning systems or refrigerators. When they get into the air they rise high into the atmosphere ( about 20—50 km above the earth’s surface). There, they get into contact with other gases and destroy the ozone layer. We need the ozone layer because it protects us from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Lead is in petrol, paint, batteries and other products. It is very dangerous if it gets into our bodies. In some cases, it can even cause cancer.

There are two types of ozone that we know of: Natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere, but on the ground, people produce ozone too. Traffic and factories cause ground ozone. It is especially dangerous to children and older people. It makes them tired and doctors suggest not to go outdoors when there is too much ozone in the air.

Nitrogen oxide causes smog and acid rain. It is produced when you burn fuels like coal and oil. It can lead to breathing problems especially when children go outside in the wintertime.

Sulfur dioxide is a gas that gets into the air when coal is burned in power plants. Paper factories and other chemical industries also produce sulfur dioxide. This pollutant can lead to lung diseases.

Acid rain

Another result of air pollution is acid rain. It happens when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide get into the air. When it rains the water that comes down on us has these dangerous substances in it. Acid rain can also be caused by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes send poisonous gases high up into the atmosphere.

Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes, and soil. Many lakes and rivers have been poisoned over the decades and even some types of fish have disappeared. Buildings also corrode because of acid rain.

The pollutants can travel in the air for a long time before they come down to earth. That’s why it’s sometimes hard to tell where dangerous pollutants originate. Acid rain that destroys forests and lakes in Austria and Germany may come from power stations in Eastern European countries.

What can we do about air pollution?

The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible. Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy, wind energy or tidal energy could be used for controlling pollution.

Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time. But we individuals can also help make the air around us cleaner!

Walk or ride a bike to school or to your friend’s home.
Take a bus or a train to work
Organize carpools.
Don’t use spray cans anymore!
Make sure that your parents get a pollution check on the car every year!
Trees give us oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. They clean the air around us. Take care of them!
Switch off the lights when you leave the room. Only use the number of lights that you really need.
Don’t overheat your room during the winter months. It’s better to wear a pullover than to be in a room that is too warm.

Smog

Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. It occurs when gases from burnt fuel get together with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form fine, dangerous particles in the air.

Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic. Especially in the summertime, when it is very hot, smog stays near the ground. It is dangerous to our breathing and in smog areas, we can’t see very well.

Smog was first discovered in Great Britain in the 19th century, during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. At that time people used coal for heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel. Smoke got together with wet, foggy air and turned yellow. The smog often stayed over cities for many days. It caused lung diseases and breathing problems. Thousands of people died in London every year.

Today, cities that have a high population and are located in hot, subtropical areas have the biggest smog problems—Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo.

A lot has been done to prevent smog recently. Factories use coal that doesn’t have that much sulfur in it. And cars are much cleaner today. In some cities, cars aren’t even allowed to drive on smog days.

Vocabularies

achieve =reach, get
acid rain = rain that has poisonous gases in it—it can damage our environment
air conditioning = a system that makes the air in buildings or in a car cooler
air pollution = things that make our air dirty, so that it damages our environment
areas = places
breathing =to pull in air through your mouth into your lungs
cancer =a very dangerous disease in which cells in the body start to grow in an unusual way
carpool = a group of people who travel to work together in one car
carbon dioxide = the gas that is produced when animals breathe out
check = to find out if something is safe
confused = if you can’t think clearly or don’t know what is happening
damage =destroy, harm, make worse
decade = a period of ten years
destruction =damage, ruin
development =growth
disappear = if something doesn’t exist anymore or you can’t see it—it’s gone
discover = to find something for the first time
dust =dry powder that is made up of small particles of dirt
economy =the system of how a country buys and sells its products; also the financial system of a country
environment = the air, water, ground around us
eruption = when a volcano sends out lava and gas
especially =above all
fuel = a material like gas, oil or coal that can be burned to get energy
greenhouse gas =gases like carbon dioxide that makes the atmosphere thicker and causes the greenhouse effect
impossible = something that can’t be done
increasing = growing
lead = a grey metal that melts easily and is very poisonous
lifestyle = the way we live
lung disease = a disease that makes it very difficult or impossible to breathe
nitrogen =a colourless gas that forms most of the earth’s air
nitrogen oxide = when nitrogen gets together with oxygen
occur = to happen
originate = come from
outdoors = outside the house
overheat = to make something too hot
oxygen =a gas in the atmosphere that we can breathe and that animals and plants need to live
ozone =a poisonous blue gas that is a type of oxygen
ozone layer =layer of gases in the sky that stops harmful rays from the sun from reaching the earth
particle = a very, very small piece of something—you can hardly see it
poisonous = something that can lead to a disease or even kill you
pollutant =material that makes air or water dirty
population = all the people that are living in a country or a city
power stations = a building where a lot of electricity is produced
prevent =stop something from happening
protect =defend, guard
ray = a line of light that comes from the sun or the moon
responsible =to blame
set free =release
soil =the top part of the earth on which plants grow
solar = everything that comes from the sun
spray can =a can from which you can spray paint onto things
substance = material that can be solid, liquid or a gas
sulfur dioxide = a poisonous gas that causes air pollution
surface =the top layer of something
tidal = everything that comes from the waves of a sea or an ocean
vehicles = a machine with an engine in it that can take people from one place to another. Cars, buses or motorcycles are vehicles.

Terjemahan

Polusi Udara

Polusi udara disebabkan oleh banyak hal:

Meningkatnya jumlah mobil di jalan kami
Kota yang berkembang
Perkembangan cepat ekonomi kita
Industrialisasi

Polusi udara, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang, dimulai dengan Revolusi Industri di Eropa pada abad ke-19. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, ini telah menjadi masalah besar bagi lingkungan kita. Udara bersih biasanya terdiri dari nitrogen (76%), oksigen (22%), karbon dioksida dan beberapa gas lainnya.

Ketika unsur-unsur berbahaya masuk ke udara mereka dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan dan juga dapat merusak lingkungan, bangunan, dan tanah. Mereka membuat lapisan ozon lebih tipis dan lebih tipis dan menyebabkan pemanasan atmosfer bumi dan perubahan iklim.

Gaya hidup modern kita telah menyebabkan udara lebih kotor selama bertahun-tahun. Pabrik, kendaraan segala jenis, semakin banyak orang adalah beberapa hal yang bertanggung jawab atas polusi udara saat ini. Tetapi tidak semua polusi di udara disebabkan oleh orang. Kebakaran hutan, badai debu, dan letusan gunung berapi dapat menyebabkan pencemaran atmosfer.

Polutan utama dan dari mana asalnya?

Karbon monoksida adalah gas tidak berwarna yang dibebaskan ketika kayu, bensin, atau batu bara tidak terbakar sepenuhnya. Juga dalam produk-produk seperti rokok. Karena itu, kurang oksigen memasuki darah kita dan itu membuat kita bingung dan mengantuk. Karbon dioksida adalah gas rumah kaca yang masuk ke atmosfer ketika kita membakar batu bara, minyak atau kayu.

Klorofluorokarbon (CFC) adalah gas yang berasal dari sistem pendingin udara atau lemari es. Ketika mereka naik ke udara mereka naik tinggi ke atmosfer (sekitar 20-50 km di atas permukaan bumi). Di sana, mereka bersentuhan dengan gas lain dan menghancurkan lapisan ozon. Kita membutuhkan lapisan ozon karena melindungi kita dari sinar ultraviolet matahari. Timbal dalam bensin, cat, baterai dan produk lainnya. Sangat berbahaya jika masuk ke tubuh kita. Dalam beberapa kasus, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kanker.

Ada dua jenis ozon yang kita ketahui: Ozon alami berada di bagian atas atmosfer kita, tetapi di tanah, orang menghasilkan ozon juga. Lalu lintas dan pabrik menyebabkan ozon darat. Ini sangat berbahaya bagi anak-anak dan orang tua. Itu membuat mereka lelah dan dokter menyarankan untuk tidak keluar rumah ketika ada terlalu banyak ozon di udara.

Nitrogen oksida menyebabkan kabut asap dan hujan asam. Ini diproduksi ketika Anda membakar bahan bakar seperti batu bara dan minyak. Ini dapat menyebabkan masalah pernapasan terutama ketika anak-anak pergi keluar di musim dingin.

Sulfur dioksida adalah gas yang masuk ke udara ketika batubara dibakar di pembangkit listrik. Pabrik kertas dan industri kimia lainnya juga memproduksi sulfur dioksida. Polutan ini dapat menyebabkan penyakit paru-paru.

Hujan asam

Hasil lain dari polusi udara adalah hujan asam. Itu terjadi ketika sulfur dioksida dan nitrogen oksida masuk ke udara. Ketika hujan, air yang turun ke kita memiliki zat berbahaya ini di dalamnya. Hujan asam juga bisa disebabkan oleh letusan gunung berapi. Gunung berapi mengirim gas beracun tinggi ke atmosfer.

Hujan asam menyebabkan kerusakan hutan, danau, dan tanah. Banyak danau dan sungai telah diracuni selama beberapa dekade dan bahkan beberapa jenis ikan telah hilang. Bangunan juga terkorosi karena hujan asam.

Polutan dapat melakukan perjalanan di udara untuk waktu yang lama sebelum mereka turun ke bumi. Itulah sebabnya terkadang sulit untuk mengatakan dari mana polutan berbahaya berasal. Hujan asam yang menghancurkan hutan dan danau di Austria dan Jerman mungkin berasal dari pembangkit listrik di negara-negara Eropa Timur.

Apa yang bisa kita lakukan dengan polusi udara?

Pekerjaan membersihkan udara kita sulit tetapi bukan tidak mungkin. Memilih bentuk energi lain, seperti energi matahari, energi angin atau energi pasang surut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan polusi.

Kota-kota seperti London telah menunjukkan bahwa kualitas udara yang lebih baik dapat dicapai dalam waktu singkat. Tetapi kita individu juga dapat membantu membuat udara di sekitar kita lebih bersih!

Berjalan atau naik sepeda ke sekolah atau ke rumah teman Anda.
Naik bus atau kereta ke tempat kerja
Atur carpools.
Jangan gunakan kaleng semprotan lagi!
Pastikan orang tua Anda memeriksa polusi di mobil setiap tahun!
Pohon memberi kita oksigen dan mengambil karbon dioksida. Mereka membersihkan udara di sekitar kita. Jaga mereka!
Matikan lampu saat Anda meninggalkan ruangan. Gunakan hanya jumlah lampu yang benar-benar Anda butuhkan.
Jangan terlalu panas di kamar Anda selama bulan-bulan musim dingin. Lebih baik memakai pullover daripada berada di ruangan yang terlalu hangat.

Asbut

Asap adalah kombinasi asap dan kabut. Itu terjadi ketika gas dari bahan bakar yang terbakar menyatu dengan kabut di tanah. Ketika panas dan sinar matahari bertemu dengan gas-gas ini, mereka membentuk partikel halus dan berbahaya di udara.

Asap terjadi di kota-kota besar dengan banyak lalu lintas. Terutama di musim panas, ketika cuaca sangat panas, kabut asap tetap berada di dekat tanah. Berbahaya bagi pernapasan kita dan di area kabut asap, kita tidak dapat melihat dengan baik.

Smog pertama kali ditemukan di Inggris Raya pada abad ke-19, pada awal Revolusi Industri. Pada saat itu orang menggunakan batu bara untuk pemanasan dan memasak. Pabrik-pabrik juga menggunakan batu bara untuk memproduksi besi dan baja. Asap berkumpul dengan udara basah dan berkabut dan berubah menjadi kuning. Kabut asap itu sering melanda kota selama berhari-hari. Ini menyebabkan penyakit paru-paru dan masalah pernapasan. Ribuan orang meninggal di London setiap tahun.

Saat ini, kota-kota yang memiliki populasi tinggi dan terletak di daerah subtropis yang panas memiliki masalah kabut asap terbesar – Los Angeles, Mexico City atau Kairo.

Banyak yang telah dilakukan untuk mencegah kabut asap baru-baru ini. Pabrik menggunakan batu bara yang tidak memiliki banyak sulfur di dalamnya. Dan mobil jauh lebih bersih hari ini. Di beberapa kota, mobil bahkan tidak diperbolehkan mengemudi pada hari-hari kabut asap.

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