grammar.co.id – Natal (dari bahasa Portugis yang berarti “kelahiran”) adalah hari raya umat Kristen yang diperingati setiap tahun oleh umat Kristiani pada tanggal 25 Desember untuk memperingati hari kelahiran Yesus Kristus. Natal dirayakan dalam kebaktian malam pada tanggal 24 Desember; dan kebaktian pagi tanggal 25 Desember. Beberapa gereja Ortodoks merayakan Natal pada tanggal 6 Januari.
Dalam tradisi barat, peringatan Natal juga mengandung aspek non-agamawi. Beberapa tradisi Natal yang berasal dari Barat antara lain adalah pohon Natal, kartu Natal, bertukar hadiah antara teman dan anggota keluarga serta kisah tentang Santa Klaus atau Sinterklas.
Artikel hari ini saya akan memberikan beberapa informasi tentang Tradisi dan Budaya dalam bentuk teks bahasa Inggris pendek.
Yuk, kita simak bersama…
Table of Contents
Christmas – Artikel Bahasa Inggris Tentang Tradisi dan Budaya Lengkap Dengan Terjemahan dan Daftar Kosakata Baru
Christmas
Christians all over the world celebrate the birth of Christ on December 25. It is a joyous holiday where families get together, give each other presents, decorate houses, sing traditional songs and go to mass.
The word Christmas comes from the old English “Christes Maesse”, which means Christ’s mass. Although Christians believe that Jesus was born in the small town of Bethlehem, we don’t know the exact date of birth because stories about Jesus Christ were written down much later.
By the 4th century, Christians have divided into two churches: the eastern church was in Constantinople, today’s Istanbul, and the western church was based in Rome. Each church celebrated Christmas on different days. The eastern church chose January 6 and the western church chose December 25.
Today, most countries celebrate the Christmas holidays from December 25 until January 6. Many Christians celebrate this day as Epiphany, the day on which the three wise men came to visit baby Jesus.
Christmas customs
Giving presents is a special part of Christmas. In many countries, magical figures like Santa Claus or Father Christmas bring children their gifts.
Decorating the house is an old custom that comes from pagan times. In northern Europe branches from evergreen trees were brought into the house to show that spring would return soon.
Our traditional Christmas tree also comes from northern Europe. In the Middle Ages, people set up trees and hung apples on them. As time went on more and more objects were added: candles, cookies, mistletoe and other things. German settlers brought the Christmas tree to America. Today families decorate their trees with ornaments, glitter, candy cane and electric lights. Some people even put up trees outdoors in their garden.
Christmas cards started to become popular in the middle of the 19th century. Today, billions of cards are sent all over the world.
In medieval Europe, Christmas was a celebration of feasting and dancing. Nowadays many families enjoy special meals. Turkey, goose, duck, fish, roast beef are some of the many dishes that you can find on dinner tables around the world. Housewives bake cakes and cookies.
Christmas is also a time of singing carols, songs that come from folk songs and ballads. Most of the carols we sing today were written in the 1800s. “Silent Night, Holy Night” is the most popular song. It is sung all over the world.
Many Christians attend mass on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day. In some churches, children act out the story of the birth of Christ and people go to midnight mass.
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Christmas in other countries
In America, children hang stockings over the fireplace. When they are asleep Santa Claus arrives with his reindeer, slides down the chimney and fills them with presents.
British children receive their gifts from Father Christmas. They enjoy a Christmas dinner of roast turkey and mince pie or plum pudding. People often go around from house to house and sing carols.
Children in France welcome the visit of Pere Noёl. They leave shoes by the fireplace so that he can fill them with gifts. After midnight mass many families have a special supper called “Le reveillon”. They eat a “Buche de Noёl”, a special cake that looks like a log .
In many Italian homes, a nativity scene called “presepio” is the center of celebrations. Many families have fried eel, called “capitone” , as a Christmas Eve supper. Other special dishes are “panetone”, bread with dried fruit, and “torrone”, candy made with nuts and honey. On Epiphany “La Befana”, a nice witch, brings children presents.
In Sweden, Christmas presents are brought by Jultomten, who has elves as helpers. In this northern European country, the Christmas season begins on December 13—St. Lucia Day. On this day the oldest daughter of the house puts on a white dress and wears a wreath with candles on her head. She serves coffee and buns to the rest of her family.
For German and Austrian children festivities begin on December 6, when St. Nicholas comes to their homes and gives them a bag filled with sweets, oranges, and nuts. Christmas presents are brought by the “Weihnachtsmann” or “Christkind”. Families like to eat stollen, bread filled with fruits.
In Bethlehem, a small town in today’s Israel, there is a colorful procession on Christmas Eve. People walk through the narrow streets and carry a picture of Jesus in a cradle to the Church of Nativity. There it is put into a glass manger. Pilgrims from all over the world travel to Bethlehem to take part.
In Mexico, children have a Christmas party and hang a “piñata”, on a rope from the ceiling. This is an earthenware jug or a paper figure that is filled with candy or small toys. Then they blindfold themselves and try to hit it with a stick until it breaks and the sweets and toys fall out. Many people take part in processions that show how Mary and Joseph searched for a place to stay in Bethlehem.
In the southern hemisphere, Christmas comes during the hot summer season. In Brazil, people have outdoor picnics and fireworks. Australians gather outdoors and spend the holidays on sandy beaches. For pupils, it’s the end of the school year and the beginning of the summer holidays.
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Terjemahan
Natal
Orang-orang Kristen di seluruh dunia merayakan kelahiran Kristus pada 25 Desember. Ini adalah hari libur yang menggembirakan di mana keluarga berkumpul, saling memberikan hadiah, menghias rumah, menyanyikan lagu-lagu tradisional dan pergi ke misa.
Kata Natal berasal dari bahasa Inggris kuno “Christes Maesse”, yang berarti misa Kristus. Meskipun orang-orang Kristen percaya bahwa Yesus dilahirkan di kota kecil Betlehem, kami tidak tahu tanggal pasti kelahiran karena kisah-kisah tentang Yesus Kristus ditulis jauh kemudian.
Pada abad ke-4, umat Kristen telah dibagi menjadi dua gereja: gereja timur berada di Konstantinopel, Istanbul hari ini, dan gereja barat berbasis di Roma. Setiap gereja merayakan Natal pada hari yang berbeda. Gereja timur memilih 6 Januari dan gereja barat memilih 25 Desember.
Hari ini, sebagian besar negara merayakan liburan Natal dari 25 Desember hingga 6 Januari. Banyak orang Kristen merayakan hari ini sebagai Epiphany, hari di mana tiga orang bijak datang mengunjungi bayi Yesus.
Kebiasaan Natal
Memberi hadiah adalah bagian khusus dari Natal. Di banyak negara, tokoh-tokoh magis seperti Santa Claus atau Father Christmas membawakan hadiah untuk anak-anak.
Dekorasi rumah adalah kebiasaan lama yang berasal dari zaman kafir. Di Eropa utara, cabang-cabang dari pohon cemara dibawa ke rumah untuk menunjukkan bahwa musim semi akan segera kembali.
Pohon Natal tradisional kami juga berasal dari Eropa utara. Pada Abad Pertengahan, orang-orang memasang pohon dan menggantung apel di atasnya. Seiring berjalannya waktu semakin banyak benda ditambahkan: lilin, kue, mistletoe dan hal-hal lainnya. Pemukim Jerman membawa pohon Natal ke Amerika. Saat ini keluarga menghiasi pohon-pohon mereka dengan ornamen, kilau, tongkat permen, dan lampu listrik. Beberapa orang bahkan memasang pohon di luar rumah di kebun mereka.
Kartu Natal mulai menjadi populer di pertengahan abad ke-19. Hari ini, milyaran kartu dikirimkan ke seluruh dunia.
Di Eropa abad pertengahan, Natal adalah perayaan pesta dan menari. Saat ini banyak keluarga menikmati makanan khusus. Turki, angsa, bebek, ikan, daging sapi panggang adalah beberapa dari banyak hidangan yang dapat Anda temukan di meja makan di seluruh dunia. Ibu rumah tangga membuat kue dan kue kering.
Natal juga merupakan waktu menyanyikan lagu-lagu Natal, lagu-lagu yang berasal dari lagu-lagu rakyat dan balada. Sebagian besar lagu-lagu Natal yang kita nyanyikan hari ini ditulis pada tahun 1800-an. “Silent Night, Holy Night” adalah lagu yang paling populer. Itu dinyanyikan di seluruh dunia.
Banyak orang Kristen menghadiri misa pada Malam Natal atau Hari Natal. Di beberapa gereja, anak-anak memerankan kisah kelahiran Kristus dan orang pergi ke misa tengah malam.
Natal di negara lain
Di Amerika, anak-anak menggantung kaus kaki di atas perapian. Ketika mereka tertidur Santa Claus tiba dengan rusa, meluncur turun cerobong asap dan mengisi mereka dengan hadiah.
Anak-anak Inggris menerima hadiah dari Bapa Natal. Mereka menikmati makan malam Natal kalkun panggang dan pai cincang atau puding prem. Orang-orang sering berkeliling dari rumah ke rumah dan menyanyikan lagu-lagu Natal.
Anak-anak di Perancis menyambut baik kunjungan Pere Noёl. Mereka meninggalkan sepatu di dekat perapian agar dia bisa mengisinya dengan hadiah. Setelah misa tengah malam banyak keluarga memiliki makan malam khusus yang disebut “Le reveillon”. Mereka makan “Buche de Noёl”, kue khusus yang terlihat seperti log.
Di banyak rumah Italia, adegan kelahiran yang disebut “presepio” adalah pusat perayaan. Banyak keluarga telah menggoreng belut, yang disebut “capitone”, sebagai makan malam Natal. Hidangan spesial lainnya adalah “panetone”, roti dengan buah kering, dan “torrone”, permen yang dibuat dari kacang dan madu. Di Epiphany “La Befana”, seorang penyihir yang baik, membawa hadiah anak-anak.
Di Swedia, hadiah Natal dibawa oleh Jultomten, yang memiliki peri sebagai pembantu. Di negara Eropa utara ini, musim Natal dimulai pada 13 Desember — St. Hari Lucia. Pada hari ini putri tertua dari rumah mengenakan gaun putih dan mengenakan karangan bunga dengan lilin di kepalanya. Dia menyajikan kopi dan roti ke seluruh keluarganya.
Untuk anak-anak Jerman dan Austria, perayaan dimulai pada 6 Desember, ketika St. Nicholas datang ke rumah mereka dan memberi mereka tas berisi permen, jeruk, dan kacang-kacangan. Hadiah Natal dibawa oleh “Weihnachtsmann” atau “Christkind”. Keluarga suka makan stollen, roti diisi dengan buah-buahan.
Di Bethlehem, sebuah kota kecil di Israel saat ini, ada prosesi penuh warna pada Malam Natal. Orang-orang berjalan melalui jalan-jalan sempit dan membawa gambar Yesus dalam buaian ke Gereja Kelahiran. Di sana dimasukkan ke dalam palungan kaca. Peziarah dari seluruh dunia melakukan perjalanan ke Betlehem untuk mengambil bagian.
Di Meksiko, anak-anak mengadakan pesta Natal dan menggantung “piñata”, di atas tali dari langit-langit. Ini adalah kendi tembikar atau figur kertas yang diisi dengan permen atau mainan kecil. Kemudian mereka menutup mata diri mereka sendiri dan mencoba untuk memukulnya dengan tongkat sampai pecah dan permen dan mainan jatuh. Banyak orang mengambil bagian dalam prosesi yang menunjukkan bagaimana Maria dan Yusuf mencari tempat tinggal di Betlehem.
Di belahan bumi selatan, Natal datang selama musim panas. Di Brazil, orang-orang memiliki piknik outdoor dan kembang api. Warga Australia berkumpul di luar ruangan dan menghabiskan liburan di pantai berpasir. Untuk siswa, ini adalah akhir tahun sekolah dan awal liburan musim panas.
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Vocabulary
- act out = to perform a small play
- add = to put together with something else
- although = while
- ballad = a slow song
- based = to be the centre of something
- billion = a thousand million
- blindfold = to cover someone’s eyes with a piece of cloth
- branch = a part of a tree that has leaves on it
- bun = small round bread
- candle = a stick of wax that burns and gives light
- candy = sweet food made from sugar
- candy cane = a stick of hard red and white sugar that has a curved end
- ceiling = the top part of a room
- celebrate = to do something
- celebration = event of celebrating
- century = a hundred years
- chimney = a part of a house from which smoke comes out
- choose, chose = to decide what you want to have or do
- Church of Nativity = church that was built over the birthplace of Jesus
- cradle = a small bed for a baby
- custom = tradition
- decorate = to make something look nice by putting pretty things on it
- dish = meal
- divide = to split into parts
- duck = a water bird with short legs and a wide mouth
- earthenware = made of baked clay
- eel = a long thin fish that looks like a snake and can be eaten
- attend = to go to
- elf, elves = a small person with pointed ears and magical power
- Epiphany = January 6 , a day on which the Three Kings came to see Jesus
- evergreen = it does not lose its leaves in the winter
- exact = completely correct
- feasting = to eat a lot of food on a special day
- festivities = celebrations
- figure = person or character
- fireworks = small container filled with powder that burns or explodes to produce coloured lights and noise in the sky
- gather = get together
- gift = present
- glitter = pieces of shiny paper
- hemisphere = half of the world
- joyous = very happy
- jug = container with a wide curved opening at the top used for holding liquids
- log = a thick piece of wood from a tree
- manger = an open container that horses and cows eat from
- mass = to go to church and pray there
- medieval = about the Middle Ages
- mince pie = a pie that is filled with minced meat; it is eaten by people at Christmas
- mistletoe = a plant with small white berries
- narrow = not wide
- nativity scene = play that tells the story of the birth of Jesus
- ornament = an object that makes something look better
- pagan = beliefs and customs that do not belong to a main religion
- pilgrim = a person who travels to a holy place
- plum pudding = pudding or cake with nuts and dried fruit
- popular = many people like it
- procession = a line of people who walk slowly
- receive = get
- reindeer = large deer with big horns that live in the northern regions
- roast = to cook or grill over a fire
- rope = very strong thick string, made by twisting together many thinner strings
- search= look for
- set up = to put up
- settler = someone who goes to a place where not many people have lived before
- slide = to move quietly down an object, glide, slip
- stockings = long socks
- supper = meal that you have early in the evening
- wise = intelligent, very sensible
- wreath = a circle made from leaves or flowers that a person wears on his/her head
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Demikian contoh Teks Bahasa Inggris tentang Tradisi dan Budaya. Semangat belajar! 🙂